surging—— to increase suddenly. used of electric current or voltage猛增=accelerating

surpass—— to be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed胜过=exceed, outrun

sustain—— to keep in existence; maintain继续生存;维持=maintain

sustenance—— something, especially food, that sustains life or health营养物,尤指食物=fare food and drink; diet食物和饮料

means of livelihood生计=livelihood

supplement——something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物,用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension

an addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something扩大

supreme——greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstanding

succinct——characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse简明的=concise

sufficient——being as much as is needed充足的=adequate

sumptuous——of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的;花费奢侈的=luxurious

substantial——considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent有重大价值的=considerable worthy of consideration; significant重要的

substitute——one that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品=replacement, in place of代替

subsidize——to assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance to supply funds to给…提供资金

subtle——so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的,细小的=slight

submit——提出,提交=present提出;呈递

subsidy——monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金

subject to ——在……条件下;易受……的侵袭;受控制=expose to, susceptible to

stretch——a continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长度,地区或空间=span the extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间

strike——to engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout

to come to; attain来到;到达= make contact with

striking—— arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent immediately noticeable; conspicuous显眼的

stringent—— imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的=strict

stimulus—— something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发物=motivate

strain ——to pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension the act or process of stretching something tight拉紧

stationary—— not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的;固定的=fixed, immobile

status——position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing

sticky——shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive粘的=adhere, cement

staple—— a basic or principal element or feature主要成分,基本成分=basic element